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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" article-type="Original Article">
  <front>
    <journal-meta id="journal-meta-eb43daa182884c0388595f7ebd55ff77">
      <journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences</journal-id>
      <journal-id journal-id-type="journal_submission_guidelines">https://www.pimr.org.in/instructions.php</journal-id>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Perspectives in Medical Research</journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn publication-format="electronic">2348-229X</issn>
      <issn publication-format="print">2348-1447</issn>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta id="article-meta-07847363b1d54a38b3b473a272fdba5f">
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">09</article-id>
      <article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.47799/pimr.1103.10</article-id>
      <article-categories>
        <subj-group>
          <subject>Original Article</subject>
        </subj-group>
      </article-categories>
      <title-group>
        <article-title id="article-title-eb825c47afcf4fda987c4782274ea35e">Study of etiological profile of patients with paralytic strabismus in a tertiary care hospital in India: a cross-sectional study</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes">
          <name id="n-ee88b6b679b4">
            <surname>Arikeri</surname>
            <given-names>Krishna Kishore</given-names>
          </name>
          <email>arikerikk@gmail.com</email>
          <xref id="x-087d2775c9b7" rid="a-a7891a5201b7" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="n-6b3bab13f5ff">
            <surname>Quraishi</surname>
            <given-names>Darakshan</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-bbf287960c65" rid="a-e90274c60535" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="n-144b53a29122">
            <surname>Jayanthi</surname>
            <given-names>BN</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-af562f1b41e0" rid="a-8ac911e82927" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="n-be9479a4de59">
            <surname>Raman</surname>
            <given-names>Y</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-acdf9be3a6ef" rid="a-cf4899a1dff0" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
        </contrib>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name id="n-8be2101eb7c6">
            <surname>Tejaswi</surname>
            <given-names>K</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref id="x-acb753128648" rid="a-fcf23cdc61a2" ref-type="aff">5</xref>
        </contrib>
        <aff id="a-a7891a5201b7">
          <institution>Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Osmania Medical College/ Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="a-e90274c60535">
          <institution>Assistant Professor, Department of Ophthalmology, Osmania Medical College/ Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="a-8ac911e82927">
          <institution>Associate Professor, Department of Ophthalmology  , Govt Medical College, Karimnagar</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="a-cf4899a1dff0">
          <institution>Professor of Ophthalmology, Osmania Medical College/ Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad</institution>
        </aff>
        <aff id="a-fcf23cdc61a2">
          <institution>Post graduate, Department of Ophthalmology, Osmania Medical College/ Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital, Hyderabad</institution>
        </aff>
      </contrib-group>
      <pub-date date-type="pub">
        <day>31</day>
        <month>12</month>
        <year>2023</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>11</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>51</fpage>
      <lpage>56</lpage>
      <history>
        <date date-type="received">
          <day>26</day>
          <month>6</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="accepted">
          <day>1</day>
          <month>12</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
        <date date-type="rev-recd">
          <day>30</day>
          <month>7</month>
          <year>2023</year>
        </date>
      </history>
      <permissions>
        <copyright-statement>©2023 Arikeri KK et al. This is an open-access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.</copyright-statement>
        <copyright-year>2023</copyright-year>
      </permissions>
      <abstract id="abstract-abstract-title-686d5cc505e04796915384274c1ac422">
        <title id="abstract-title-686d5cc505e04796915384274c1ac422">Abstract</title>
        <p id="paragraph-d4f864862012449bace19c3b37d897de"><bold id="s-45475daf4de3">Introduction</bold>: Paralytic strabismus, a type of strabismus caused by paralysis of one or more extraocular muscles, can lead to a variety of ocular and psychosocial sequelae. Etiology varies in different types of paralytic strabismus. Numerous studies have shown that ocular motor cranial nerve palsies have a variety of causes including vascular disease, head trauma, intracranial tumour or aneurysm and inﬂammatory disorders.<bold id="s-ff76bdd2d3dc">Materials and Methods</bold>: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary eye hospital to evaluate Paralytic squint by Neuroimaging in patients presenting to the Squint department of Sarojini Devi Eye Hospital Hyderabad from June 2021 to May 2022. Paralytic strabismus cases with limitation of ocular motility were enrolled and a detailed examination was performed to know the etiology.<bold id="s-d6a34e425e6d"> Results</bold>: 190 patients (1.35%) were diagnosed with paralytic strabismus. Ischemia constituted to be the major cause of paralytic strabismus i.e. (42.1%) followed by trauma (20%). The 3rd cranial nerve was the most commonly involved (34.73%), followed by the 6th cranial nerve (32.63%). Multiple cranial nerves were involved in 20% of cases. The 3rd CN was involved, primarily due to ischemia in both males and females while the 6th CN was affected with trauma, neoplasm, and ischemia being prominent causes.<bold id="s-9caf41e77b66"> Conclusion</bold>: The study showed that ischemia, trauma and idiopathy are some of the major etiologies of paralytic strabismus with male predominance. The cranial nerve involvement also varied with the etiology of paralytic strabismus.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group id="kwd-group-1b1fbee28402403aa3d022cd51f1b104">
        <title>Keywords</title>
        <kwd>Paralytic strabismus</kwd>
        <kwd>Cranial Nerves</kwd>
        <kwd>Strabismus</kwd>
        <kwd>Squint</kwd>
        <kwd>Paralysis</kwd>
        <kwd>Extraocular Muscles</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
      <funding-group>
        <funding-statement>Nil</funding-statement>
      </funding-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
</article>
