Ishi sharma¹, Molly Joseph², Mareen Pant³, Alok kumar Jha⁴, Kandukuri Mahesh kumar⁵

¹Senior resident, Shri Dada Dev Matri avum shishu chikitsalaya, New Delhi,²Professor & Head, Department of Pathology,St Stephen’s Hospital, New Delhi,³Specialist, Department of Pathology,St Stephen’s Hospital, New Delhi,⁴Specialist, Department of Urology,St Stephen’s Hospital, New Delhi,⁵Assistant Professor,Department of Pathology,Malla reddy institute of medical sciences, Hyderabad ,Telangana,India.

Address for correspondence: Dr.Kandukuri Mahesh Kumar, Assistant professor , Department of Pathology , Malla Reddy Institute of Medical Sciences, Suraram, Hyderabad, Telangana ,India.

Email: doctormaheshgoud@gmail.com

Background: Bladder cancer is the fourth most common cancer in men and the tenth most common cancer in women. There are approximately 50,000 new cases and 10,000 deaths from urothelial carcinoma each year. Cigarette smoking is believed to contribute to upto 50% of the diagnosed urothelial cancers in men and 40% in women. Bladder tumors classically produce painless hematuria. The importance of urinary cytology in the detection and follow up of patients with urothelial carcinoma has become well established in recent years.Individuals with a positive cytology but a negative evaluation have a higher risk of developing macroscopic lesions

Aim of the Study: The present study aims to detect atypical cells/urological malignancies using urinary cytology as a basic diagnostic tool and also classifying lesions using five-category cytological classification

Material and Methods:A total of 54 cases were included in this study. 67 Urine samples from all the 54 cases were categorized on the basis of the guidelines of the “Five-category cytological classification”. The cases were identified on the basis of clinical features i.e hematuria, frequency, urgency, dysuria or past history of bladder tumor. The criteria for inclusion in our study was either a positive urine cytology with a subsequent positive / negative biopsy or positive / negative urine cytology followed by a subsequent biopsy, positive for malignancy.

Results: A total of 67 urine samples were received from 54 patients. Majority i.e 94%of the specimens were voided urine samples. 67 Urine samples from all the 54 cases were categorized on the basis of the guidelines of the “Five-category cytological classification”. Out of 67 urine specimens from 54 patients, 16 were categorized as Negative (Neg) and 51 were categorized as positive for atypical or suspicious cells.

Conclusion: Urinary cytology is the first simple, easy and non-invasive method with good overall median specificity of 99% and acceptable overall median sensitivity of 34% (20-53%) to detect bladder cancer.

Keywords :Urine Cytology, Atypical Cells, Urological Malignancy, Smoking, Hematuria Low Grade Lesions , High Grade Lesions