Volume: 9 Issue: 2
Year: 2021, Page: 34-37, Doi: https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.0902.08
Received: Dec. 1, 2020 Accepted: Jan. 21, 2021 Published: Jan. 21, 2021
Introduction: Acute poisoning represents a real health threat in the world. It is a common cause of admission to emergency department and in intensive care unit. Periodic clinical and epidemiological studies are required to understand the pattern of poisoning. This study aims to analyze epidemiological aspect, clinical profile, and outcome of acute poisoning in a tertiary care hospital.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College Hospital, Kota, Rajasthan. 102 admitted patients were taken for study from January 2020 to August 2020. Epidemiological variables age, sex, type of poison, mode of exposure, clinical presentation and outcome were studied.
Results: The median age was 30.23 years with a male predominance (54.9%). The circumstances of poisoning were suicidal, accidental and unknown in 88.2%, 9.8%, and 1.96% respectively. Ingestion was the major route of exposure (98%) followed by inhalation (1.96%). The majority 33(32.4%) of cases were of Organophosphorus poisoning followed by 17(16.7%) cases of Rodenticide poisoning. The main symptoms were nausea and vomiting in 90(88.2%) cases. Convulsions were noted in 3(2.9%) patients. Gastric lavage was done for 92(90.19%). 8 patients (7.84%) were needed mechanical ventilation. 7 patients (6.86%) were needed vasoactive drugs. The rate of mortality was 8.82%. The aluminium phosphide poisoning was responsible for 44.4% deaths.
Conclusion: Study revealed the high mortality associated with acute poisoning. Appropriate approach towards poisoning at tertiary care center and prevention remains the best strategy for reducing morbidity and mortality.
Keywords: Acute poisoning, intensive care unit, mortality, organophosphorus compound.
1. Jesslin J, Adepu R, Churi S (2010) Assessment of prevalence and mortality incidences due to poisoning in a south Indian tertiary care teaching hospital. Indian J Pharm Sci 72: 587-591.
2. Megarbane B, Alazia M, Baud F (2006) Severe poisoning in adults: epidemiology, definition, and criteria of admission in intensive care units. Reanimation 15: 354- 363.
3. Narindar Pal Singh, Gurleen Kaur. Poisoning: Basic consideration and epidemiology. API Textbook of Medicine 2015; 26: 2628-2631.
4. K.S. Narayan Reddy. The essential of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 21st edition, page 403-420.
5. Senarathna L, Jayamanna SF, Kelly PJ, Buckley NA, Dibley MJ, et al. (2012) Changing epidemiological patterns of deliberate self poisoning in a rural district of Sri Lanka. BMC public health 12: 593-600.
6. Mortazavi SM, Haaji Y, Khonche A, Jamilian H (2012) Epidemiology and causes of poisoning in patients referred to Loqman Hospital, Teheran, Iran during summer 2010. Iranian J of Toxicology 17: 642-648.
7. Dash S.K., Mohanty MK, Patnaik KK (2005). Socio Demographic profile of poisoning cases.JIAFM ;27(3):133- 138
8. Joshi M, Divyeshkumar V. Patel (2015). A study on clinical profile of patients with acute poisoning. GCSMC J Med Sci 2015 Jul- Dec, Vol (IV) 97- 100.
9. Unnikrishnan D, Singh B, Rajiv A (2005). Trends of Acute Poisoning in South Karnataka. Kathmandu University Medical Journal: Vol 3, No.2, issue 10,149-154.
10. Multani AS, Bal BS, Singh SP, Singh TP, Salwan S, Shivcharan. Spectrum of acute poisoning in medical emergencies- a prospective study. JAPI 2003; 51: 1199- 1200.
11. Bansal N, Uniyal N, Kashyap PV, Verma A. A profile of poisoning in Uttarakhand. Transworld Medical Journal. 1 (4): 128-130.
12. M. Shoaib Zaheer, M Aslam, Vibhanshu Gupta, Vibhor Sharma and Shadab Ahmed Khan. (2009) Profile of Poisoning cases at a North Indian Tertiary Care Hospital. HPPI 32.
13. Vaidya YP, Hulke SM. Study of trends of poisoning in the cases reported to Government Hospital, Yavatmal. Chron Young Sci 2012; 3: 63-70.
14. Devi S, Dasari A, Dasyam SK, Sai Shripada Rao K. A study of clinical profile of 30 consecutive cases of poisoning presenting to a rural tertiary care center. Perspectives in Medical Research 2014; 2: 28-32.
15. Boukatta B, EI Bouazzaoui A, Guemoune R, Houari N, Achour S.et al.(2014) An Epidemiological Study of Adult Acute Poisoning in Fez:Morocco.J Clin Toxicol 4:219.
16. Sena Nayake N., Petris H. Mortality due to poisoning in a developing and agricultural country, trends over 20 years.1995 oct ; 14(10): 808-811.
17. Ramesha KN, Rao KBM Kumar GS (2009) Pattern and outcome of acute poisoning cases in a tertiary care hospital in Karnataka, India. Indian J Crit Care Med (13):152-155.
Jain Pankaj Kumar, katara Kamalesh, Jelia S.C. An Epidemiological Study of Acute Poisoning In a Tertiary Care Centre. Perspectives in Medical Research 2021; 9 (2):34-37 DOI:10.47799/pimr.0902.08