Volume: 8 Issue: 2
Year: 2020, Page: 78-82, Doi: https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.0802.17
Background: Ectopic pregnancy is not an uncommon condition and is potentially a life- threatening emergency. There is a rising trend in incidence which necessitates the gynecologists to have comprehensive knowledge about the disease. Aim of the study: To determine the incidence, risk factors, clinical features and management.
Materials and method: This study is conducted in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of PIMS, Karimnagar. It is a retrospective descriptive study on patients who presented to our department with clinical features of ectopic pregnancy and later confirmed with intraoperative findings or ultrasound, in the 3-year period from January 2017 to January 2020.
Result: A Total of 34 patients were diagnosed to have ectopic pregnancy with an incidence of 1in 114 deliveries. The cause of ectopic pregnancy was dilatation and curettage in 11.8% and PID, infertility, prior tubal surgery, previous abortions and OCP usage each contributes by 5.9%. Surgical treatment with salpingectomy was done in majority of the cases and medical management in 3 patients. Blood transfusions were given in 38.2% of cases. Postoperative period is uneventful in all the cases.
Conclusion: Gynecologists should have comprehensive knowledge about the clinical presentation and risk factors of EP. If suspected clinically, encouraging women to undergo early ultrasonography allows early detection of EP and can be managed medically or fertility sparing surgical procedures.
Keywords: Amenorrhea, Maternal mortality, Risk factors, Ectopic pregnancy, Ultrasonography, Vaginal bleeding
1. Singh S, Pukale RS. NATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL RESEARCH CLINICAL STUDY OF ECTOPIC PREGNANCY IN A RURAL SETUP: A TWO YEAR SURVEY.
2. Khaleeque F, Siddiqui RI, Jafarey SN. Ectopic pregnancies: A three year study. J Pak Med Assoc. 2001;
3. Ectopic pregnancy: A 5 year review of cases at Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital (NAUTH) Nnewi Udigwe G O, Umeononihu O S, Mbachu I I - Niger Med J [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 6]. Available from: http:// www.nigeriamedj.com/article.asp?issn=0300- 1652;year=2010;volume=51;issue=4;s page=160; epage=163; aulast=Udigwe
4. Kirk E, Bottomley C, Bourne T. Diagnosing ectopic pregnancy and current concepts in the management of pregnancy of unknown location. Hum Reprod Update [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 6];20(2):250–61. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24101604
5. Igwegbe A, Eleje G, Okpala B. An appraisal of the management of ectopic pregnancy in a Nigerian tertiary hospital. Ann Med Health Sci Res [Internet]. 2013 Apr [cited 2020 May 6];3(2):166. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919183
6. Shah P, Shah S, Kutty R V., Modi D. Changing epidemiology of maternal mortality in rural India: Time to reset strategies for MDG-5. Trop Med Int Heal. 2014;19(5):568– 75.
7. A RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF MATERNAL MORTALITY IN A RURAL TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF CENTRAL INDIA | Indian Journal of Community Health [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 6]. Available from: https://www.iapsmupuk.org/journal/ index.php/IJCH/article/view/282
8. Jabbar FA, Al-Wakeel M. A study of 45 cases of ectopic pregnancy. Int J Gynecol Obstet [Internet]. 1980 [cited 2020 May 6];18(3):214–7. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6109659
9. Shobeiri F, Tehranian N, Nazari M. Trend of ectopic pregnancy and its main determinants in Hamadan province, Iran (2000-2010). BMC Res Notes. 2014 Oct 17;7(1).
10. Mufti Shagufta Rather S, Mufti S, Rangrez RA, Samiya Mufti KM, Rather SM, DGO Hospital KL, et al. ECTOPIC PREGNANCY: AN ANALYSIS OF 114 CASES. Vol. 17, JKPractitioner. 2012.
11. National Family Health Survey [Internet]. [cited 2020 May 6]. Available from: http://rchiips.org/nfhs/factsheet_nfhs4.shtml
12. Saranovic M, Vasiljevic M, Prorocic M, Macut ND, Filipovic T. Ectopic pregnancy and laparoscopy. Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol [Internet]. 2014 [cited 2020 May 6];41(3):276–9. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ 24992775
13. Cornelius AC, Onyegbule A, Onyema, Uchenna ET, Duke OA. A five year review of ectopic pregnancy at Federal Medical Centre, Owerri, South East, Nigeria. Niger J Med. 2014;23(3):207–12.
14. French S, Henry T, Williams EW. Evaluation of waiting times and sonographic findings in patients with first trimester vaginal bleeding at the University Hospital of the West Indies. Can emergency department ultrasound make a difference? West Indian Med J [Internet]. 2014 Jun [cited 2020 May 6];63(3):247–51. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25314282
15. Horne AW, Shaw JLV, Murdoch A, McDonald SE, Williams AR, Jabbour HN, et al. Placental growth factor: A promising diagnostic biomarker for tubal ectopic pregnancy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab [Internet]. 2011 Jan [cited 2020 May 6];96(1):E104-8. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21047920
16. Cabar FR, Pereira PP, Schultz R, Francisco RP, Zugaib M. Association between ultrasound findings and serum levels of vascular endothelial growth factor in ampullary pregnancy. Fertil Steril [Internet]. 2015 Mar 1 [cited 2020 May 6];103(3):734–7. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25577466
B sreelatha, Siripurapu S, Prasanna .clinical study of ectopic pregnancy. Perspectives in Medical Research 2020; 8 (2):78-82. DOI : 10.47799/pimr.0802.17