Volume: 6 Issue: 3
Year: 2018, Page: 14-17,
Background : Thyroid gland is unique among the endocrine glands in having a wide spectrum of diseases ranging from functional enlargements, immunologically mediated enlargements to neoplastic lesions .Thyroid cancers accounts for approximately 1% of all malignancies in developed countries with an estimated annual incidence of 122,000 cases worldwide.
Aims &Objectives: To study various histopathological types of malignant thyroid neoplasms, to correlate various histo-morphological features with respect to age & sex.
Materials & Methods: A prospective & Retrospective study for 3yrs (January 2014 – December 2016) was done in Department of Pathology. A total of 870 thyroid specimen were received, out of which 436 were neoplastic lesion. Of this 290 were benign & 146 were malignant lesions. The data collected was analyzed for various parameters like age, sex and incidence of different histological patterns. The results were drawn by computing percentage and depicted in the form of tables, bar graphs and charts.
Results: Out of the 146 cases, there were 136 cases of papillary carcinoma constituting 93%. Of this there were 6 microscopic variants with 74% having a classic papillary histology. 6 patients had follicular carcinoma. Two cases each of anaplastic carcinoma and medullary carcinoma were seen.
Conclusion: In all variants of malignant thyroid lesions females outnumbered males with a female to male ratio of 6.25:1 and majority of the patients were in the third and fourth decades of life. Most common malignant tumor was papillary carcinoma thyroid. Least common malignant tumors were medullary and anaplastic carcinoma.
Keywords: Thyroid, malignancy, histopathology
1) Stewart B W, Klihues .P 2003 world cancer report , IARC Press;Lyon
2) Diffy BJ, Fitz GPJ. Thyroid cancer in childhood & adolescent. Cancer 1950;1018.
3) DeLellis RA, Lloyd RV, Heitz P, Eng C, eds. World Health Organization Classification of Tumours. Pathology and Genetics. Tumours of Endocrine Organs. Lyon: IARC Press;2004.
4) Raphael S, Mohammed A, et al. Histological pattern of thyroid neoplasms in kano Nigeria, A study of 522 thyroid specimens. Niger J Med 2015;24(1):5-11.
5) Salama SI, Al Qahtani MH, et al. Histopathological pattern of thyroid lesions in western region of Saudi Arabia. The Egyptian Journal of Medicine 2009; Vol:40:221-23.
6) Kishore N, Srivasthava A, Sharma LK, Chumber S, Kochupillai N, Griwan MS et al. Thyroid neoplasms- A profile. Ind J Surg 1996 June;56:143-8.
7) Larijani B, Aghakhani S, et al. Clinicopathological features of thyroid cancer as observed in five referral hospitals in Iran.Actaoncologica 2003; 42:334-7.
8) Cancer statistics registration, England - No.44,2013.
9) Selzer G, Kahn LB, Albertyn L. Primary malignant tumor of thyroid gland, clinicopathological study of 254 cases. Cancer 1977;40:1501-10
10) Srikanth S, Kanyakumari et al. Papillary carcinoma and its variants. The day to day thyroid problem. Int J Health Allied Sci 2015;4:56-60.
11) Neoplasms of thyroid, Department of pathology, SGPGIMS, Lucknow, India; Revised1 May 2004.
12) Sarker SK, Maudar KK, Subhas P, Mukhopadhyay HG, Basus SK. Carcinoma of the thyroid gland-An analysis of 110 cases. Ind J. Surjery 1992Aug;349-57.
13) Briesies et al.Study of Thyroid malignancies. Indian J of Surgery 2000;12:321.
14) Shrikhande SS, Phadke A, etal.Papillar carcinoma thyroid. A clinicopathological study of 123 cases. Indian journal of cancer 1982; 19: 87-92.
15) CarcangiuML , DeLellisRA. Thyroidgland, In; DamjanovI, Lindoer J,editors. Anderson Pathology Vol 2, 10th edn. St. Louis: Mosby, 1996 ; p.1943 –1979
16) Kunjomon D, Uphadya K et al. A 2 years study of 41 cases of papillary carcinoma thyroid. Arch Med Health Sci 2014;2:16-22.
17) Muzaffar M, Nigar E et al. The morphological variants of papillary carcinoma of thyroid: A clinicopathological study- Armed forces institute of pathology experience. JPMA;1998,48:133.
18) Nikiforov YE, Erikson LA, Nikiforova MN, Caudil CM, Lloyd RV. Solid variant of papillary thyroid carcinomaIncidence, clinicopathologic characteristics, molecular analysis and biologic behaviour. Am J. SurgPathol 2001;25(2):1478-84.
19) Anila M, Saral S, et al. Indian journal of cancer 2005; Vol.42:25-29.
Rajakumar K, Rahman S M , Vandana G , Sandhya A. .Study of various histopathological types of malignant lesions of Thyroid.Perspectives in Medical Research 2018; 6(3):14-17.