Volume: 12 Issue: 1
Year: 2024, Page: 19-23, Doi: https://doi.org/10.47799/pimr.1201.04
Received: March 12, 2024 Accepted: March 22, 2025 Published: April 17, 2025
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) patients have a higher risk of cardiovascular manifestations such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death. Cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of death in patients with advanced CKD, rather than end-stage kidney disease itself. Essentially, CKD speeds up the ageing process in the cardiovascular system. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of cardiovascular abnormalities in non-hemodialysis CKD patients. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study, was conducted in the Department of Medicine, between October 2020 to September 2022. A total of 50 CKD patients were included. The patients were evaluated & enrolled in the study, based on history, general physical examination, systemic examination, Blood Urea, Serum Creatinine, Urine Routine, Electrocardiograph (ECG) and Echocardiography. Results: In the present study Electrocardiograph & echocardiography determined cardiovascular abnormalities in 68% of patients. Among these 50% of patients had Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) & Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD), 8% of patients had Arrhythmias and 6% patients had conduction abnormality, 2% patients had LVH and 2% patients had LVDD. Conclusion: LVH & LVDD are the most common morphological abnormalities observed in our study. We can diagnose Arrhythmias and conduction abnormality by electrocardiogram & echocardiography and refer them for appropriate interventions promptly.
Keywords: Electrocardiograph, Chronic Kidney Disease, Echocardiogrphy
Hill, N R, Fatoba, S T, Oke, J L, Hirst, J A, Callaghan, A O & Lasserson, D S . 2016. Global Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. PLoS One 1–18.
Shyam, C & Sreenivas, V . 2005. Chronic kidney disease: a missing component of integrated control of non-communicable diseases. The Indian journal of medical research 122(5):451–453.
Rao, M & Pereira, B J . 2007. Chronic kidney disease in India--a hidden epidemic. The Indian journal of medical research 126(1):6–9.
Rao, Madhumathi, Brain, J G & Pereira, . 2007. Chronic Kidney Disease in India- a hidden epidemic. Commentary. Indian J Med Res 126:6–9.
Cunningham, J, Rodríguez, M & Messa, P . 2012. Magnesium in chronic kidney disease stages 3 and 4 and in dialysis patients. Clin Kidney J 5(1):39–51.
Mathenge, R N, Mcligeyo, S O, Muita, A K & Otieno, L S . 1993. The spectrum of echocardiographic findings in chronic renal failure. East African Medical Journal 70(2):107–111.
Barberato, S H & Pecoits-Filho, R . 2010. Echocardiographic alterations in patients with chronic kidney failure undergoing hemodialysis. Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologia (1) 140–146.
Hancock, E W . 2009. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part V: electrocardiogram changes associated with cardiac chamber hypertrophy: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society: endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(11):992–1002.
Surawicz, B & Childers, R . 2009. AHA/ACCF/HRS recommendations for the standardization and interpretation of the electrocardiogram: part III: intraventricular conduction disturbances: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Electrocardiography and Arrhythmias Committee, Council on Clinical Cardiology; the American College of Cardiology Foundation; and the Heart Rhythm Society. Endorsed by the International Society for Computerized Electrocardiology. J Am Coll Cardiol 53(11):976–81.
Zoccali, C, Mallamaci, F, Adamczak, M, De Oliveira, R B, Massy, Z A, Sarafidis, P, Agarwal, R, Mark, P B, Kotanko, P, Ferro, C J, Wanner, C, Burnier, M, Vanholder, R & Wiecek, A . 2023. Cardiovascular complications in chronic kidney disease: a review from the European Renal and Cardiovascular Medicine Working Group of the European Renal Association. Cardiovascular research 119(11):2017–2032.
Goornavar, S M, D, Pramila & M, Ashok R . 2015. A study of echocardiographic changes in patients with chronic kidney disease. . Medica Innovatica 4:1–5.
Dahan, M, Siohan, P, Viron, B, Michel, C, Paillole, C & Mignon, R G . 1997. Relationship between left ventricular hypertrophy, myocardial contractility and overload condition in haemodialysis patients: An echocardiographic study. Am J Kid Dis 30:780–85.
Singh, N P, Chandreshekar, , Nair, , Gopal, K & Ajita, J . 1999. The cardiovascular and hemodynamic effects of erythropoietin in chronic renal failure. JAPI 47:284–89.
Singh, K D, Malviya, D K & Upadhyay, Anchal . 2022. Study of ECG and Echocardiographic Changes in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) European Journal of Molecular & Clinical Medicine 16(4):552–561.
Chafekar, D S, Rajani, & Ba, Krishna . 1994. Left ventricular function in end-stage renal disease invasive assessment in patients on hemodialysis. JAPI 42:216–234.
Ishigami, J, Kansal, M, Mehta, R, Srivastava, A, Rahman, M, Dobre, M, Al-Kindi, S G, Go, A S, Navaneethan, S D, Chen, J, He, J, Bhat, Z Y, Jaar, B G, Appel, L J & Matsushita, K . 2023. Cardiac Structure and Function and Subsequent Kidney Disease Progression in Adults With CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study. American journal of kidney diseases : the official journal of the National Kidney Foundation. & CRIC Study Investigators 82:225–236.
Chiu, D Y, Green, D, Abidin, N, Sinha, S & Kalra, P A . 2015. Cardiac imaging in patients with chronic kidney disease. Nature reviews. Nephrology 11(4):207–220.
©2024 (Mohammed Shoeb Himayun Kabeer Ansari) et al. This is an open-access journal, and articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC-BY 4.0. (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are credited.